Importance Of Soil And Tillage In Crop Production
Importance of soil and tillage in crop production and how does it affect crops.
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| Importance Of Soil And Tillage In Crop Production |
The role of soils in agriculture has been appropriated since time immemorial. This is evident even today from the concentration of population in the relatively productive areas in the world. The farmer looks upon the soil as a habitat for plants, since it provides physical anchorage to crops besides serving as reservoir of nutrients and water, needed for growth and development . Knowledge of soils is necessary for sustainable crop production.
(1) Knowledge of physical, chemical and biological soil properties is essential in appraising the productivity of soils.
(2) Prediction of cop input requirements and relative responsiveness to input application. requires knowledge of soil properties and their relationship to application of crop production technology.
(3) Knowledge of soil physical properties are necessary for timing of tillage operations and irrigation to crops besides minimizing drainage problems.
(4) Availability and transformation of plant nutrients is largely a function of soil chemical and biological characteristics.
(5) Soil reaction is largely controlled by soil colloids and their associated exchangeable cations. knowledge of colloids aids in mineral nutrition of plants and reclamation of problem soils.
Manipulation of the soil with tools and implements for obtaining conditions ideal for seed germination , seeding establishment and growth of crops is called tillage. The objectives of tillage for crop production are:
- Adequate soil aeration for gaseous exchange in the root zone.
- Adequate seed-soil contact water flow to seed and seeding roots.
- A non crusted soil to permit seedling emergence.
- A Low density soil that permit root elongation and proliferation.
- A weed free environment in the crop.
- Mixing applied manures and fertilizers with the soil.
- Removing hard pans if any, to increase soil depth for water and nutrients.
The aim of tillage is to produce as good a soil conditions as possible for crop establishment and initial shoot and root development. The term tilth is used to describe qualitative characteristics of a loose , friable and crumby condition of soil favorable for crop production. When the soil is brought to such a condition ideal for crop growth it is called seedbed and the soil is said to be in good tilth.
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